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The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is one of the largest estuaries in North America, providing water for more than 700,000 acres of agriculture, recreation and fisheries habitat. For decades, the exotic invasive plant Egeria densa has negatively impacted native habitat and navigation of vessels in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. In 2007 the largest waterbody in the Delta, Franks Tract, began to be managed at operational scale utilizing the aquatic herbicide fluridone. A fluridone pellet formulation was applied to achieve in-water concentrations of fluridone between 2.5 and 3.5 ppb for 8 to 16 weeks in areas with dense Egeria densa. Fluridone applications were started as early as March and continued throughout the treatment period to sustain the target concentrations which were verified by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) analytical test. Relative frequency of occurrence for native plants significantly increased from 2006 to 2017 (P < 0.001). Frequency of occurrence of most native species remained variable across years except for Potamogeton richardsonii where frequency of occurrence increased greatly from 3.6% in 2013 to 80% in 2017 (P < 0.001), and significantly increased each year sequentially except between 2015 to 2016 to become the most widespread species. The increase of native plants over the past five years, following management with fluridone, is likely to improve fisheries, native species habitat, and waterway traffic.

Aquatic plant community restoration following the long-term management of invasive Egeria densa with fluridone treatments