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The 2010 invasion of Great Britain by the eastern European ‘killer shrimp’ Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) was just the latest of several amphipod invasions of British freshwaters and just one of many amphipod invasions occurring on a global scale. Using examples of previous invasions of other amphipods, Gammarus pulex and Crangonyx pseudogracilis in The Isle of Man and Northern Ireland, I show that these invaders have the potential to undermine the accuracy of ecological assessment programmes of freshwater, such as those employed in the Water Framework directive (WFD) in Europe and similar schemes used by environmental protection agencies all over the world. Such assessment programmes invariably rely on biological water quality monitoring using biotic indices derived from resident macroinvertebrate assemblages. All three amphipod invaders can greatly undermine accurate water quality biomonitoring in river systems. This can be by invasive amphipods predating upon and/or outcompeting resident macroinvertebrates and thus radically altering resident biodiversity and assemblage structure. This can also occur because these invaders tend to be more physico-chemically tolerant than the resident taxa they are replacing and this greater tolerance of poor organic chemical water quality is not acknowledged in biotic scoring indices. A way forward would be to measure the biological pressure invaders may exert in a biocontamination index or similar, while simultaneously carrying out routine water quality monitoring using biotic indices.

“The pump don’t work, ‘Cause the vandals took the handles”; why invasive amphipods threaten accurate freshwater biological water quality monitoring