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The Three Gorges Dam Reservoir (TGDR) in China is the world’s largest hydropower project, which has significantly impacted ecosystems and environments within the reservoir region. However, the extent and identity of non-native species in the TGDR area is unknown. In this study, we investigated and summarized the literature on non-native species in the TGDR. We found that there are at least 42 non-native aquatic species that have invaded the TGDR. From 2003 to 2015, non-native aquatic species were discovered at a rate of 3.5 species year. To our knowledge, this is one of the highest rates of invasion recorded for freshwater ecosystems. Non-native species have mainly been introduced via aquaculture, biocontrol, and the aquarium trade. Some species, such as mosquitofish and water hyacinth, have caused great ecological and economic problems. In the future, additional non-native species are likely to invade the TGDR as a result of human activity. This research can help improve biodiversity conservation and environmental management in the TGDR.

Non-native species in the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir: status and risks