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A major challenge in invasion science is detecting overlooked introductions, their pathways of introduction and spread. One of the most successful introduced taxa in aquatic ecosystems are peracarid crustaceans. There are a growing number of reports of accidental introductions of peracarids worldwide, mostly related to human transport hubs (e.g., ports and marinas). Tanaidaceans are especially abundant in these communities. Most frequently given examples of natural and anthropogenic passive dispersers belong to the family   Tanaididae  . However, their wide distribution requires confirmation. Most records come from 70–80’ of last century, when identification of the species relied only on morphological characters. The small size and large intraspecific variation of tanaidids generate a high taxonomic uncertainty, as in the case of    Zeuxo   turkensis   . Population of this species was previously known from Turkish, Japanese, and Australian coasts. In the two last places this tanaidid was identified as    Hexapleomera   sasuke   , despite there were some premises that it should be synonymized with    Z.   turkensis   . Here we investigate specimens that resembled both    Hexapleomera   sasuke    and    Zeuxo   turkensis    collected in marinas around the Iberian and Moroccan coasts. Integrating morphological and molecular methods (barcoding) we confirmed: (1) the first record and presence of well-structured populations of    Z.   turkensis    in Spain, Portugal and Morocco, representing the first record of the species for Atlantic waters; (2) the conspecificity between    H.   sasuke    and    Z.   turkensis   , which should be synonymized; and (3) the wide distribution of    Z.   turkensis    associated with human transport hubs (i.e. marinas) in the study area, showing its potential for introduction and spread. Integrated approaches and greater taxonomic support are key to advancing knowledge on the origin and invasion patterns of this and other small and poorly known human-mediated widespread species.

aquatic invasions

﻿The   Tanaidacea   challenge to invasion science: taxonomic ambiguities and small size result in another potential overlooked introduction to the Iberian coast and nearby areas

﻿The Tanaidacea challenge to invasion science: taxonomic ambiguities and small size result in another potential overlooked introduction to the Iberian coast and nearby areas

The Tanaidacea challenge to invasion science: taxonomic ambiguities and small size result in another potential overlooked introduction to the Iberian coast and nearby areas