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There is a strong river water–groundwater hydraulic connection, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions in which rivers are the main source of groundwater recharge. Therefore, a study of this relationship is of great practical significance. This study investigated this relationship for three kinds of homogeneous sand with different particle sizes using sandbox experiments. Consistent with previous studies, as the moisture of the sand decreased, the discharged water level continued to decline and the hydraulic connection between river water and groundwater was gradually lost. Discharged flow increased as the discharge level decreased and stabilized after reaching a maximum threshold. However, inconsistent with the results of previous studies, the thickness of the inverted saturation zone was not always equal to the river water depth. In addition, the maximum discharge flow resulting from cutting off the river and groundwater was different from that noted in previous studies. A coarse sand water-bearing medium resulted in a thickness of a suspended saturated zone of 15–20 cm, for 18.5 cm river water depth and 5–10 cm for 10 cm river water depth. The results for medium sand with a thickness of 5–10 cm (18.5 cm river water depth) was the disappearance of the suspended saturated water zone (10 cm river water depth), as it was for a fine sand thickness of 15–20 cm (18.5 cm river water depth), and a thickness of 10–15 cm (10 cm river water depth). The results indicated that the thickness of the inverted saturation zone formed by the separation of the connection between the river and the groundwater is not only related to the depth of the river, but also affected by various physical parameters of the aquifer. An empirical formula for calculating the thickness of the inverted saturation band is given based on the experimental results.

Study on the Relationship between River Water and Groundwater under Different Aquifer Mediums