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In South Korea, flood damage mainly occurs around rivers; thus, it is necessary to determine the optimal design frequency for river basins to prevent flood damage. However, there are not enough studies showing the effect of climate change on hydrologic design frequency. Therefore, to estimate the optimal design frequency according to future climate change scenarios, this study examined urban flooding area and extreme rainfall frequency that can change in the future. After estimating the optimal design frequency, hydrological risks of 413 local river basins were evaluated according to Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 after regenerating daily rainfalls from the HadGEM2-ES model into hourly rainfalls using the Poisson cluster. For the RCP 4.5, hydrological risks increased relative to the established design frequency by 3.13% on average. For the RCP 8.5, hydrological risks increased by 2.80% on average. The hydrological risks increased by 4.58% in the P2(2040–2069) period for the RCP 4.5, and by 4.39% in the P1 (2021–2039) period for the RCP 8.5. These results suggest that the hydrologic design frequency in the future will likely decrease, and the safety of river basins will also decrease.

Estimating Optimal Design Frequency and Future Hydrological Risk in Local River Basins According to RCP Scenarios