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Inspired by plant transpiration, an attached microalgae−simulated plant system was designed to enhance the transpiration of reverse osmosis concentrated water (i.e., WROC) and realize the conversion of pollutants to microalgae biomass. The results showed that the production rate of clean water could reach as high as 14.84 L·m−2·day−1, which was significantly influenced by the humidity of the air and the growth status of the attached microalgae. Moreover, the enhancement of water evaporation by microalgae was more obvious under relatively low humidity. Pollutants, transported along with the water, could transform into microalgae biofilm or crystallize at the top of the microfiber. TN and TP transformation into biomass resources were maximized in 40% diluted WROC, with efficiencies of 60.91% and 38.49%, respectively. Of note, the accumulation of phosphorus in the micro-environment of attached microalgae may inhibit microalgal growth in the later stages of cultivation, owing to the relatively low movability. Hence, this system could be applied for high-efficiency wastewater purification, especially under high humidity. Wastewater dilution and periodic microalgae harvest could guarantee the attached microalgae growth and increase the pollutant-bioresource conversion rate.

Enhanced Transpiration by Attached Microalgae-Simulated Plants for Zero-Discharge of Reverse Osmosis Concentrated Water (WROC)