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Short-term prediction of wave height is paramount in oceanic operation-related activities. Statistical models have advantages in short-term wave prediction as complex physical process is substantially simplified. However, previous statistical models have no consideration in selection of predictive variables and dealing with prediction uncertainty. This paper develops a machine learning model by combining the dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) with the information flow (IF) designated as DBN-IF. IF is focused on selecting the best predictive variables for DBN by causal analysis instead of correlation analysis. DBN for probabilistic prediction is constructed by structure learning and parameter learning with data mining. Based on causal theory, graph theory, and probability theory, the proposed DBN-IF model could deal with the uncertainty and shows great performance in significant wave height prediction compared with the artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) for all lead times. The interpretable DBN-IF is proven as a promising tool for nonlinear and uncertain wave height prediction.

Probabilistic Prediction of Significant Wave Height Using Dynamic Bayesian Network and Information Flow