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A groundwater model is needed to describe the complex groundwater confluence process of the groundwater system in karst areas. This is because surface water flows through dolines, grikes, and by other means and is directly exchanged with the groundwater. In this study, using the Xin’anjiang model, the conversion of surface water into groundwater and the influence of multiple series-parallel underground reservoirs on groundwater confluence through the generalization of dolines in karst areas were simulated. The water cycle process in the Sancha River Basin was simulated with measured data using multiobjective particle swarm optimization. Then, model parameters were validated with measured runoff data and compared with simulation results obtained using the traditional Xin’anjiang model based on its optimal parameters. The results showed that the determination coefficients of all hydrological stations over the study period were >0.76, and the Nash efficiency coefficient was >0.76, which were better than those for the improved Xin’anjiang model. Next, the simulation accuracy of the flood period in the karst area was analyzed. The model achieved a high fitting rate for the main flood peaks in a year, and the passing rate for the worst hydrological stations was 53%. Finally, the influence of karst development on the runoff was examined. The results indicate that different karst development stages and the heterogeneity of the karst in the basin have different effects on runoff.

Hydrological Simulation for Karst Mountain Areas: A Case Study of Central Guizhou Province