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Wildfire can have significant impacts on hydrological processes in forested catchments, and a key area of concern is the impact upon water quality, particularly in catchments that supply drinking water. Wildfire effects runoff, erosion, and increases the influx of other pollutants into catchment waterways. Research suggests that suspended sediment and nutrient levels increase following wildfire. However, past studies on catchment water quality change have generally focused on the short term (1–3 years) effects of wildfire. For appropriate catchment management, it is important to know the long-term effect of wildfire on catchment water quality and the recovery process. In this study, a statistical analysis was performed to examine the effect of 2001/2002 Sydney wildfire on catchment water quality. This research is particularly important, since the catchments studied provide drinking water to Sydney. Linear mixed models were used in this study in an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)-type change detection approach to assess the effect of wildfire. We used both burnt and unburnt catchments to aid the interpretation of the results and to help disentangle the effects of natural climate variation, as well as of the wildfire. The results of this study showed persistent long-term (10-year) effects of wildfire, including increases in total suspended sediment concentrations (64% higher than in unburnt catchments), total nitrogen concentrations (48% higher), and total phosphorus (40% higher).

Assessment of the Decadal Impact of Wildfire on Water Quality in Forested Catchments