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In order to overcome the problems in the parameter estimation of the Muskingum model, this paper introduces a new swarm intelligence optimization algorithm—Wolf Pack Algorithm (WPA). A new multi-objective function is designed by considering the weighted sum of absolute difference (SAD) and determination coefficient of the flood process. The WPA, its solving steps of calibration, and the model parameters are designed emphatically based on the basic principle of the algorithm. The performance of this algorithm is compared to the Trial Algorithm (TA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Results of the application of these approaches with actual data from the downstream of Ankang River in Hanjiang River indicate that the WPA has a higher precision than other techniques and, thus, the WPA is an efficient alternative technique to estimate the parameters of the Muskingum model. The research results provide a new method for the parameter estimation of the Muskingum model, which is of great practical significance to improving the accuracy of river channel flood routing.

Multi-Objective Parameter Estimation of Improved Muskingum Model by Wolf Pack Algorithm and Its Application in Upper Hanjiang River, China