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Modelling errors and robust stabilization/tracking problems under parameter and model uncertainties complicate the control of the flexible underactuated systems. Chattering-free sliding-mode-based input-output control law realizes robustness against the structured and unstructured uncertainties in the system dynamics and avoids the excitation of unmodeled dynamics. The main purpose of this paper was to propose a robust adaptive solution for stabilizing and tracking direct-drive (DD) flexible robot arms under parameter and model uncertainties, as well as external disturbances. A lightweight robot arm subject to external and internal dynamic effects was taken into consideration. The challenges were compensating actuator dynamics with the inverter switching effects and torque ripples, stabilizing the zero dynamics under parameter/model uncertainties and disturbances while precisely tracking the predefined reference position. The precise control of this kind of system demands an accurate system model and knowledge of all sources that excite unmodeled dynamics. For this purpose, equations of motion for a flexible robot arm were derived and formulated for the large motion via Lagrange’s method. The goals were determined to achieve high-speed, precise position control, and satisfied accuracy by compensating the unwanted torque ripple and friction that degrades performance through an adaptive robust control approach. The actuator dynamics and their effect on the torque output were investigated due to the transmitted torque to the load side. The high-performance goals, precision and robustness issues, and stability concerns were satisfied by using robust-adaptive input-output linearization-based control law combining chattering-free sliding mode control (SMC) while avoiding the excitation of unmodeled dynamics. The following highlights are covered: A 2-DOF flexible robot arm considering actuator dynamics was modelled; the theoretical implication of the chattering-free sliding mode-adaptive linearizing algorithm, which ensures robust stabilization and precise tracking control, was designed based on the full system model including actuator dynamics with computer simulations. Stability analysis of the zero dynamics originated from the Lyapunov theorem was performed. The conceptual design necessity of nonlinear observers for the estimation of immeasurable variables and parameters required for the control algorithms was emphasized.

Design and Stability Analysis of a Robust-Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Applied on a Robot Arm with Flexible Links