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In 2003,  Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus  (APMV) was discovered as parasitizing  Acanthamoeba . It was revealed to exhibit remarkable features, especially odd genomic characteristics, and founded viral family  Mimiviridae . Subsequently, a second family of giant amoebal viruses was described,  Marseilleviridae , whose prototype member is Marseillevirus, discovered in 2009. Currently, the genomes of seven different members of this family have been fully sequenced. Previous phylogenetic analysis suggested the existence of three  Marseilleviridae  lineages: A, B and C. Here, we describe a new member of this family, Brazilian Marseillevirus (BrMV), which was isolated from a Brazilian sample and whose genome was fully sequenced and analyzed. Surprisingly, data from phylogenetic analyses and comparative genomics, including mean amino acid identity between BrMV and other  Marseilleviridae  members and the analyses of the core genome and pan-genome of marseilleviruses, indicated that this virus can be assigned to a new  Marseilleviridae  lineage. Even if the BrMV genome is one of the smallest among  Marseilleviridae  members, it harbors the second largest gene content into this family. In addition, the BrMV genome encodes 29 ORFans. Here, we describe the isolation and genome analyses of the BrMV strain, and propose its classification as the prototype virus of a new lineage D within the family  Marseilleviridae .

A Brazilian Marseillevirus Is the Founding Member of a Lineage in Family Marseilleviridae