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Kaumoebavirus  infects the amoeba  Vermamoeba vermiformis  and has recently been described as a distant relative of the African swine fever virus. To characterize the diversity and evolution of this novel viral genus, we report here on the isolation and genome sequencing of a second strain of  Kaumoebavirus , namely LCC10. Detailed analysis of the sequencing data suggested that its 362-Kb genome is linear with covalently closed hairpin termini, so that DNA forms a single continuous polynucleotide chain. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that although the two sequenced  Kaumoebavirus  strains share extensive gene collinearity, 180 predicted genes were either gained or lost in only one genome. As already observed in another distant relative, i.e.,  Faustovirus , which infects the same host, the center and extremities of the  Kaumoebavirus  genome exhibited a higher rate of sequence divergence and the major capsid protein gene was colonized by type-I introns. A possible role of the  Vermamoeba  host in the genesis of these evolutionary traits is hypothesized. The  Kaumoebavirus  genome exhibited a significant gene strand bias over the two-third of genome length, a feature not seen in the other members of the “extended  Asfarviridae ” clade. We suggest that this gene strand bias was induced by a putative single origin of DNA replication located near the genome extremity that imparted a selective force favoring the genes positioned on the leading strand.

The Kaumoebavirus LCC10 Genome Reveals a Unique Gene Strand Bias among “Extended Asfarviridae”