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Vector competence is an important parameter in evaluating whether a species plays a role in transmission of an arbovirus. Although the protocols are similar, interpretation of results is unique given the specific interactions that exist between a mosquito population and a viral genotype. Here, we assessed the infection (IR), dissemination (DR), and transmission (TR) rates of  Cx. pipiens  s.l., collected from Iran, for West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 1a. We showed that  Cx. pipiens  s.l. mosquitoes in Iran were susceptible to WNV with IR up to 89.7%, 93.6%, and 83.9% at 7, 14, and 21 days post-infection (dpi) respectively. In addition, DR and TR reached respectively 92.3% and 75.0% at 21 dpi, and the number of viral particles delivered with saliva reached up to 1.33 × 10 5  particles. Therefore, an unexpected high risk of WNV dissemination in the region where  Cx. pipiens  s.l. mosquitoes are well established should be considered carefully and surveillance measures implemented accordingly.

High Transmission Potential of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 for Cx. pipiens s.l. of Iran