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Baicalein (3,3&amp;prime;,4&amp;prime;,5,6-pentahydroxyflavone) is a well-known antioxidant found in many plants, such as in the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis . In this study, we evaluate the inhibitory effect of baicalein on the inflammatory cascade in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages induced by viral-like material. Experimental assays used in this study included Griess reagent assay for nitric oxide (NO) production, Fluo-4 assay for intracellular calcium release, multiplex cytokine assay, and quantitative real time RT-PCR assay. To induce inflammation, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with polyinosinic⁻polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Baicalein at concentrations up to 100 &amp;mu;M significantly inhibited the production of NO, IL-1&amp;alpha;, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, VEGF, MCP-1, IP-10, LIX, and RANTES as well as calcium release in RAW 264.7 cells induced by poly I:C (50 &amp;micro;g/mL) (all p &lt; 0.05). Baicalein at concentrations up to 50 &amp;mu;M also significantly inhibited mRNA expression of STAT1 , STAT3 , CHOP , and Fas in poly I:C-induced RAW 264.7 cells ( p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, baicalein has anti-inflammatory effect in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced macrophages by inhibiting NO, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors via the endoplasmic reticulum stress⁻CHOP/STAT pathway.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Baicalein on Polyinosinic–Polycytidylic Acid-Induced RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages