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The standard formulation of general relativity fails to describe some recentinterests in the universe. It impels us to go beyond the standard formulationof gravity. The $f(Q)$ gravity theory is an interesting modified theory ofgravity, where the gravitational interaction is driven by the nonmetricity $Q$.This study aims to examine the cosmological models with the presence of bulkviscosity effect in the cosmological fluid within the framework of $f(Q)$gravity. We construct three bulk viscous fluid models, i.e. (i) for the firstmodel, we assuming the Lagrangian $f(Q)$ as linear dependence on $Q$, (ii) forthe second model the Lagrangian $f(Q)$ as a polynomial functional form, and(iii) the Lagrangian $f(Q)$ as a logarithmic dependence on $Q$. Furthermore, weuse 57 points of Hubble data and 1048 Pantheon dataset to constraint the modelparameters. Then, we discuss all the energy conditions for each model, whichhelps us to test the self-consistency of our models. Finally, we present theprofiles of the equation of state parameters to test the models' presentstatus.

Observational constraints and some toy models in $f(Q)$ gravity with bulk viscous fluid