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New observations of high-redshift objects are crucial for the improvement ofthe standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model and our understanding of theUniverse. One of the main directions of modern observational cosmology is theanalysis of the large-scale structure of Universe, in particular, in deepfields. We study the large-scale structure of the Universe along the line ofsight using the latest version of the COSMOS2015 catalogue, which contains518,404 high quality photometric redshifts of galaxies selected in the opticalrange of the COSMOS field ($2\times 2$ deg$^2$), with depth up to the redshift$z \sim 6$. We analyze large-scale fluctuations in the number of galaxies alongthe line of sight and provide an estimate of the average linear sizes of theself-correlating fluctuations (structures) in independent redshift bins of $\Delta z = 0.1 $ along with the estimate of the standard deviation fromhomogeneity (the observed cosmic variance). We suggest a new method of theline-of-sight analysis based on previous works and formulate further prospectsof method development. For the case of the theoretical form of approximation ofhomogeneity in the $\Lambda$CDM framework, the average standard deviation ofdetected structures from homogeneity is $ \sigma_\text{mean}^{\Lambda\text{CDM}} = 0.09 \pm 0.02 $, and the average characteristic size ofstructures is $ R_\text{mean}^{\Lambda \text{CDM}} = 790 \pm 150 $ Mpc. For thecase of the empirical approximation of homogeneity, the average standarddeviation of detected structures from homogeneity is $\sigma_\text{mean}^\text{empiric} = 0.08 \pm 0.01 $, and the averagecharacteristic size of structures is $ R_\text{mean}^\text{empiric} = 640 \pm140 $ Mpc.

The line-of-sight analysis of spatial distribution of galaxies in the COSMOS2015 catalogue