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Magnetic Penrose process (MPP) is not only the most exciting and fascinatingprocess mining the rotational energy of black hole but it is also the favoredastrophysically viable mechanism for high energy sources and phenomena. Itoperates in three regimes of efficiency, namely low, moderate and ultra,depending on the magnetization and charging of spinning black holes inastrophysical setting. In this paper, we revisit MPP with a comprehensivediscussion of its physics in different regimes, and compare its operation withother competing mechanisms. We show that MPP could in principle foot the billfor powering engine of such phenomena as ultra-high-energy cosmic rays,relativistic jets, fast radio bursts, quasars, AGNs, etc. Further, it alsoleads to a number of important observable predictions. All this beautifullybears out the promise of a new vista of energy powerhouse heralded by RogerPenrose half a century ago through this process, and it has today risen in itsmagnetically empowered version of mid 1980s from a purely thought experiment ofacademic interest to a realistic powering mechanism for various high-energyastrophysical phenomena.

Fifty years of energy extraction from rotating black hole: revisiting magnetic Penrose process