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Venoms of most Russian viper species are poorly characterized. Here, by quantitative chromato-mass-spectrometry, we analyzed protein and peptide compositions of venoms from four  Vipera  species ( V. kaznakovi ,  V. renardi ,  V. orlovi  and  V. nikolskii ) inhabiting different regions of Russia. In all these species, the main components were phospholipases A 2 , their content ranging from 24% in  V. orlovi  to 65% in  V. nikolskii . Altogether, enzyme content in venom of  V. nikolskii  reached ~85%. Among the non-enzymatic proteins, the most abundant were disintegrins (14%) in the  V. renardi  venom, C-type lectin like (12.5%) in  V. kaznakovi , cysteine-rich venom proteins (12%) in  V. orlovi  and venom endothelial growth factors (8%) in  V. nikolskii . In total, 210 proteins and 512 endogenous peptides were identified in the four viper venoms. They represented 14 snake venom protein families, most of which were found in the venoms of  Vipera  snakes previously. However, phospholipase B and nucleotide degrading enzymes were reported here for the first time. Compositions of  V. kaznakovi  and  V. orlovi  venoms were described for the first time and showed the greatest similarity among the four venoms studied, which probably reflected close relationship between these species within the “kaznakovi” complex.

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Venoms from Russian Vipers of Pelias Group: Phospholipases A2 are the Main Venom Components