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Calf diarrhea is one of the considerable infectious diseases in calves, which results in tremendous economic losses globally. To determine the prevalence of Shiga-toxigenic E . coli (STEC) and Enterotoxigenic E . coli (ETEC) incriminated in calf diarrhea, with special reference to Shiga- toxins genes ( stx 1 and stx 2) and enterotoxins genes ( lt and sta ) that govern their pathogenesis, as well as the virulence genes; eae A (intimin) and f 41(fimbrial adhesion), and the screening of their antibiogram and antimicrobial resistance genes; aad B, sul 1, and bla- TEM, a total of 274 fecal samples were collected (April 2018-Feb 2019) from diarrheic calves at different farms in El-Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The bacteriological examination revealed that the prevalence of E. coli in diarrheic calves was 28.8%. The serotyping of the isolated E. coli revealed 7 serogroups; O 26 , O 128 , O 111 , O 125 , O 45 , O 119 and O 91 . Furthermore, the Congo red binding test was carried out, where 89.8% of the examined strains (n = 71) were positive. The antibiogram of the isolated strains was investigated; the majority of E. coli serotypes exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) to four antimicrobial agents; neomycin, gentamycin, streptomycin, and amikacin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the prevalence of the virulence genes; stx 1, stx 2 lt , sta , f 41 and eae A, as well as the antibiotic resistance genes; aad B, sul 1, and bla -TEM. The prevalence of STEC was 20.2% (n = 16), while the prevalence of ETEC was 30.4% (n = 24). Briefly, the Shiga toxins genes; stx 1 and stx 2, are the most prevalent virulence genes associated with STEC, which are responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease and helped by the intimin gene ( eae A). In addition, the lt gene is the most prevalent enterotoxin gene accompanied by the ETEC strains, either alone or in combination with sta and/or f 41 genes. The majority of pathogenic E. coli incriminated in calf diarrhea possesses the aad B resistance gene, followed by the sul 1 gene. Enrofloxacin, florfenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and ampicillin-sulbactam, are the most effective antimicrobial agents against the isolated STEC and ETEC strains.

Genes Encoding the Virulence and the Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-toxigenic E. coli Isolated from Diarrheic Calves