English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

In this paper, the topology optimization of continuum structures with design-dependent loads is studied with a gradient-free topology optimization method in combination with adaptive body-fitted finite element mesh. The material-field series-expansion (MFSE) model represents the structural topology using a bounded material field with specified spatial correlation and provides a crisp structural boundary description. This feature makes it convenient to identify the loading surface for the application of the design-dependent boundary loads and to generate a body-fitted mesh for structural analysis. Using the dimension reduction technique, the number of design variables is significantly decreased, which enables the use of an efficient Kriging-based algorithm to solve the topology optimization problem. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using several numerical examples, among which a design problem with geometry and contact nonlinearity is included.

A Gradient-Free Topology Optimization Strategy for Continuum Structures with Design-Dependent Boundary Loads