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We investigate a descriptor system of coupled generalized Sylvester matrix fractional differential equations in both non-homogeneous and homogeneous cases. All fractional derivatives considered here are taken in Caputo’s sense. We explain a 4-step procedure to solve the descriptor system, consisting of vectorization, a matrix canonical form concerning ranks, and matrix partitioning. The procedure aims to reduce the descriptor system to a descriptor system of fractional differential equations. We also impose a condition on coefficient matrices, related to the symmetry of the solution for descriptor systems. It follows that an explicit form of its general solution is given in terms of matrix power series concerning Mittag–Leffler functions. The main system includes certain systems of coupled matrix/vector differential equations, and single matrix differential equations as special cases. In particular, we obtain an alternative procedure to solve linear continuous-time descriptor systems via a matrix canonical form.

General Solutions for Descriptor Systems of Coupled Generalized Sylvester Matrix Fractional Differential Equations via Canonical Forms