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Although symmetry has been discussed in terms of a major law of perceptualorganization since the early conceptual efforts of the Gestalt school(Wertheimer, Metzger, Koffka and others), the first quantitative measurementstesting for effects of symmetry on processes of Gestalt formation have seen theday only recently. In this study, a psychophysical rating study and a"foreground" versus "background" choice response time experiment were run withhuman observers to test for effects of bilateral symmetry on the perceivedstrength of figure against ground in triangular Kanizsa configurations.Displays with and without bilateral symmetry, identical physically specified tototal contour ratio and constant local contrast intensity within and acrossconditions, but variable local contrast polarity and variable orientation inthe plane were presented in a random order to human observers. Configurationswith bilateral symmetry produced significantly stronger figure against groundpercepts reflected by greater subjective magnitudes and consistently higherpercentages of "foreground" judgments accompanied by significantly shorterresponse times. These effects of symmetry depend neither on the orientation ofthe axis of symmetry, nor on the contrast polarity of the physical inducers. Itis concluded that bilateral symmetry, irrespective of orientation,significantly contributes to the, largely sign invariant, visual mechanisms ofshape segregation that determine the salience of figure against ground inperceptually ambiguous image configurations.

Bilateral symmetry strengthens the perceptual salience of figure against ground