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A successful implementation of a CE requires an appropriate comprehension of its conceptual framework and the identification of the elements that composed it. However, there is still no consensus on a unique CE definition, which makes it difficult for companies to adopt circular practices in their business models. In this context, this study proposes a CE framework based on four fundamental elements: principles, drivers, stakeholders and strategies, which was complemented by circular-organization-oriented metrics. Then, local case studies were used to assess the implementation of CE strategies in Ecuadorian companies. Among the identified elements, it was found that there are general action lines that facilitate the understanding of the CE. On the other hand, the majority of elements and metrics are oriented toward the production and end-of-life stages, while extraction, design, use, marketing and distribution are less considered. Furthermore, although environmental, economic and social aspects are considered, the latter are mostly limited to employment generation. Finally, for the local case studies it was observed that the current adoption of circular practices in companies derives from the incorporation of the sustainability approach instead of a structured and systematic implementation of CE strategies.

Towards a Model for Analyzing the Circular Economy in Ecuadorian Companies: A Conceptual Framework