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To explore the impact of climate change on fishery resources, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the thermocline in the main yellowfin tuna purse-seine fishing grounds in the western and central Pacific Ocean during La Niña and El Niño years were studied using the 2008–2017 Argo grid data (BOA_Argo) and the log data of commercial fishing vessels. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze the variables affecting yellowfin tuna fishing grounds. The results showed that in La Niña years, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) moved westward as the high-value zone of the upper boundary contracted westward to 145° E, and in the El Niño years this moved eastward to 165° E. Compared with normal years, the upper boundary depth difference of the thermocline on the east and west sides of the equatorial Pacific was larger in La Niña years, and the upper boundary depth of 80–130 m shifted westward. The thermocline strength was generally weaker in the west and stronger in the east. The thermocline had two band-like distribution structures with an axis at 15° N and 15° S. The CPUE was distributed from 120 m to 200 m. The CPUE distribution was dense when the temperature range of the upper boundary of the thermocline was 27.5–29.5 °C, and the intensity was 0.08–0.13 °C·m−1. The upper-boundary temperature had the greatest impact on the CPUE. The eastward shift of the CPUE during El Niño and the westward shift during La Niña were associated with the optimal thermocline parameter values. The factor of year had a fluctuating effect on the CPUE, and the influence of the La Niña years was greater. The areas with high abundance were 5° N–5° S and 150° E–175° E. The results showed that the changes in the thermocline caused by abnormal climate events significantly affected the CPUE.

Impact of Abnormal Climatic Events on the CPUE of Yellowfin Tuna Fishing in the Central and Western Pacific