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The recent emerging evidence reveals that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can be used as a wastewater treatment. This study provides new information about the possible detoxification role of TiO2 NPs as a wastewater treatment in plants under heavy metal stress, with an emphasis on the mechanisms involved. Here, we investigated the effects of TiO2 NPs as one wastewater treatment on a bamboo species (Arundinaria pygmaea L.) under in vitro Cadmium (Cd) toxicity conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications of four concentrations of Cd (50, 100, 200, and 300 µM) alone and in combination with 100 and 200 µM TiO2 NPs as two wastewater treatments, as well as a control treatment. The results indicated that TiO2 NPs concentrations enhanced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities and proline accumulation as well as reducing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2•−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which led to improved photosynthetic parameters with an eventual increase in plant biomass as compared to the control treatment. Therefore, TiO2 NPs improved the photosynthetic parameters of bamboo under Cd toxicity, which led to an increase in plant biomass. We concluded that the wastewater treatments of TiO2 NPs improved bamboo biomass through the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds (H2O2 and O2•−), which was induced by the stimulation of the antioxidant capacity of the plant. TiO2 also protected cell membranes by reducing lipoperoxidation in bamboo under Cd toxicity. The concentration of 200 µM TiO2 NPs had the most impact in reducing Cd toxicity.

The Investigation of TiO2 NPs Effect as a Wastewater Treatment to Mitigate Cd Negative Impact on Bamboo Growth