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Technological advancement and globalization have led modern economic growth and social development in many parts of the world. Governments are also increasingly adopting new technology to uphold public safety and to protect its citizens. In particular, customs administrations have been adopting digital customs and risk management frameworks to promote free trade and traveling while preventing cross-border transport of dangerous goods and individuals. This study proposes an up-to-date dynamic information and communications technology (ICT) implementation stage model that accounts for new modern technology and transformative public organizations. An in-depth case study approach is employed by using the example of the customs services in South Korea. Specifically, this study describes how the Korea Customs Service developed its digital customs system in tandem with risk management guidelines and practices and presents quantitative data on customs and risk management outcomes.

ICT Implementation and Its Effect on Public Organizations: The Case of Digital Customs and Risk Management in Korea