English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The foundation and sustainable development of agricultural insurance involve accurately determining a premium and establishing a dynamic premium adjustment mechanism that matches the agricultural production risk. Based on the theoretical analysis of the impact of time–space risk adjustment on agricultural insurance ratemaking, we constructed a pure premium ratemaking model based on time-varying risk adjustment and a safety premium ratemaking model based on spatially dependent risk adjustment. Choosing the county grain area-yield index insurance (GAYI) in China as the research object, we obtained the following results: (1) the risk of grain yield per unit area (YPUA) and pure premium rate in most counties decreased significantly with time-varying adjustment, and we observed differences between regions; (2) grain’s spatially dependent risk has a strong negative adjustment effect on the loading factor, but the expansion of insurance underwriting can still rapidly reduce the safety premium rate, mainly due to the reduction in the spatially dependent risk; and (3) based on time-varying risk adjustment and underwriting expansion, the reduction effect of premium rates is obvious, which supports the sustainable commercial operation of agricultural insurance. These research results help to clarify the relationships of premium rates and provide implications on the sustainability of catastrophe management.

Grain Area Yield Index Insurance Ratemaking Based on Time–Space Risk Adjustment in China