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To reduce air pollutant control costs and solve the problem of decreased employment caused by air pollution control, we established a double-objective optimization Joint Control Model (JCM) based on emission rights futures trading. The JCM calculates the spot price of emission rights, classifies regions in the trading market for emission rights into buyers and sellers, and calculates the optimal cooperative pollution abatement quantity. Compared with a non-cooperative control mode, the JCM generated benefits of US$2485.19 × 106. We then used a Game Quadratic Programming (GQP) method to distribute the benefits, and applied the JCM to a case study of the abatement of sulfur dioxide in China’s Shanxi, Henan, and Shaanxi provinces. We found that: (i) Compared with a JCM that does not account for employment, employment under the JCM increased by 3.20 × 103 people, and the pollution control cost decreased by US$11.20 × 106 under the JCM that considered employment. The effect of the latter model is better than that of the former. (ii) Employment under the JCM increased by 18.80 × 104 people compared with that under a territorial control mode, reducing the cost by US$99.73 × 106. The JCM is helpful for all participating regions to balance environmental and livelihood issues in the process of air pollution control to achieve sustainable development.

A Joint Control Model Based on Emission Rights Futures Trading for Regional Air Pollution That Accounts for the Impacts on Employment