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The purpose of this research is to assess the distribution of commuting trips and the level of jobs-housing balance with Nanjing smart card data. A new approach is presented using the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient based on the commuting time. This article also quantifies and visualizes Nanjing’s jobs-housing balance in each urban, suburban and exurban district. The core findings from this research are summarized as follows. First, the Gini coefficient of commuting time is 0.251 in urban areas, 0.258 for suburban areas and 0.267 for exurban areas. The gap of each non-urban district in commuting time is larger than urban districts. Second, the result of jobs-housing ratio (JHR) shows that jobs of Xuanwu district are far more than the working population of this district, whereas jobs and working population in other urban districts are relatively matched. The value of JHR is less than 0.8 in all suburban and exurban districts but Yuhuatai district, which suggests that jobs in these suburban districts (excluding Yuhuatai district) are in short supply compared with their working population. Third, the JHR within a particular district may be different according to the specific locations, especially those areas close to the boundary between two different kinds of districts.

Assessing the Distribution of Commuting Trips and Jobs-Housing Balance Using Smart Card Data: A Case Study of Nanjing, China