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Current landscape design within a courtyard usually does not take into account the influence of the tree-planting pattern, which has an important influence on the outdoor microclimate and occupants’ thermal comfort. At present, the extent of the influence on the microclimate has not yet been made clear. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to run this model under hot summer weather conditions. Field measurements validated the performance of the CFD model. This study conducted numerical simulations for five different tree-planting patterns, including (i) focused tree-planting (F), (ii) cornered tree-planting (C), (iii) multi-row tree-planting (R), (iv) surround tree-planting (S) and (v) no tree-planting (N). Our study found that the tree-planting pattern affects both the distribution of air temperature and the degree of local heat transfer. Specifically, the C, S and N patterns allow for higher ventilation in the studied courtyard, while the F and R patterns cause lower wind velocities and associated courtyard ventilation. The average air temperature for the C pattern is lower during summer afternoons than the other patterns. The wind flow pattern in the studied courtyard does not vary significantly with different tree-planting patterns. Nevertheless, the general relative humidity in the courtyard does not vary significantly with different tree-planting patterns, except for the N pattern. A future analysis is needed to investigate the mechanisms of the phenomenon.

The Effect of Tree-Planting Patterns on the Microclimate within a Courtyard