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Lower body positive pressure treadmills (LBPPTs) as a strategy to reduce musculoskeletal load are becoming more common as part of sports conditioning, although the requisite physiological parameters are unclear. To elucidate their role, ten well-trained runners (30.2 ± 3.4 years; VO 2max : 60.3 ± 4.2 mL kg −1  min −1 ) ran at 70% of their individual velocity at VO 2max  (vVO 2max ) on a LBPPT at 80% body weight support (80% BW Set ) and 90% body weight support (90% BW Set ), at 0%, 2% and 7% incline. Oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), heart rate (HR) and blood lactate accumulation (LA) were monitored. It was found that an increase in incline led to increased VO 2  values of 6.8 ± 0.8 mL kg −1  min −1  (0% vs. 7%,  p  < 0.001) and 5.4 ± 0.8 mL kg −1  min −1  (2% vs. 7%,  p  < 0.001). Between 80% BW Set  and 90% BW Set , there were VO 2  differences of 3.3 ± 0.2 mL kg −1  min −1  ( p  < 0.001). HR increased with incline by 12 ± 2 bpm (0% vs. 7%,  p  < 0.05) and 10 ± 2 bpm (2% vs. 7%,  p  < 0.05). From 80% BW Set  to 90% BW Set , HR increases of 6 ± 1 bpm ( p  < 0.001) were observed. Additionally, LA values showed differences of 0.10 ± 0.02 mmol l −1  between 80% BW Set  and 90% BW Set . Those results suggest that on a LBPPT, a 2% incline (at 70% vVO 2max ) is not yet sufficient to produce significant physiological changes in VO 2 , HR and LA—as opposed to running on conventional treadmills, where significant changes are measured. However, a 7% incline increases VO 2  and HR significantly. Bringing together physiological and biomechanical factors from previous studies into this practical context, it appears that a 7% incline (at 80% BW Set ) may be used to keep VO 2  and HR load unchanged as compared to unsupported running, while biomechanical stress is substantially reduced.

Effect of Uphill Running on VO2, Heart Rate and Lactate Accumulation on Lower Body Positive Pressure Treadmills