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Time reversal processing (TRP) exploits signal diversity methods, namely, spatial, temporal, beam, and frequency, to mitigate the distortion caused by multipath time delay. Using the same experimental data, this study compares the performance of communication utilizing TRP based on various diversity methods. In October 2018, the biomimetic long-range acoustic communication experiment 2018 (BLAC18) was conducted in the East Sea, east of Pohang, Korea. During the experiment, communication signals modulated by binary phase-shift keying were transmitted over a range of 60 km, and a vertical line array of 16 elements (with an aperture of ∼42 m) was utilized. The BLAC18 analysis showed that the performance of each diversity method depends on the order of diversity. When the order of diversity was one, the beam diversity method with the beamformed signal yielded the best performance. For the maximum order of diversity, however, the spatial diversity method delivered the best performance, owing to the high channel variability and large number of receivers.

Long-Range Underwater Communication Based on Time Reversal Processing Using Various Diversity Methods