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Zinc oxide rod structures are synthetized and subsequently modified with Au, Fe 2 O 3 , or Cu 2 O to form nanoscale interfaces at the rod surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy corroborates the presence of Fe in the form of oxide-Fe 2 O 3 ; Cu in the form of two oxides-CuO and Cu 2 O, with the major presence of Cu 2 O; and Au in three oxidation states-Au 3+ , Au + , and Au 0 , with the content of metallic Au being the highest among the other states. These structures are tested towards nitrogen dioxide, ethanol, acetone, carbon monoxide, and toluene, finding a remarkable increase in the response and sensitivity of the Au-modified ZnO films, especially towards nitrogen dioxide and ethanol. The results for the Au-modified ZnO films report about 47 times higher response to 10 ppm of nitrogen dioxide as compared to the non-modified structures with a sensitivity of 39.96% ppm -1 and a limit of detection of 26 ppb to this gas. These results are attributed to the cumulative effects of several factors, such as the presence of oxygen vacancies, the gas-sensing mechanism influenced by the nano-interfaces formed between ZnO and Au, and the catalytic nature of the Au nanoparticles.

ZnO Structures with Surface Nanoscale Interfaces Formed by Au, Fe2O3, or Cu2O Modifier Nanoparticles: Characterization and Gas Sensing Properties