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This research revealed the effect of carboxyl-functionalization on the mesoporous carbon (MC)-fixed glucose oxidase (GOx) for promoting the properties of bioelectrodes. It showed that the oxidation time, temperature and concentration, can significantly affect MC carboxylation. The condition of 2 M ammonium persulfate, 50 °C and 24 h was applied in the study for the successful addition of carboxyl groups to MC, analyzed by FTIR. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the carboxylation process slightly changed the physical properties of MC and that the specific surface area and pore size were all well-maintained in MC-COOH. Electrochemical characteristics analysis showed that Nafion/GOx/MC-COOH presented better electrocatalytic activity with greater peak current intensity (1.13-fold of oxidation peak current and 4.98-fold of reduction peak current) compared to Nafion/GOx/MC. Anodic charge-transfer coefficients (α) of GOx/MC-COOH increased to 0.77, implying the favored anodic reaction. Furthermore, the GOx immobilization and enzyme activity in MC-COOH increased 140.72% and 252.74%, leading to the enhanced electroactive GOx surface coverage of Nafion/GOx/MC-COOH electrode (22.92% higher, 1.29 × 10 -8 mol cm -2 ) than the control electrode. Results showed that carboxyl functionalization could increase the amount and activity of immobilized GOx, thereby improving the electrode properties.

Enhanced Electrochemical Characteristics of the Glucose Oxidase Bioelectrode Constructed by Carboxyl-Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon