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The optical Vernier effect magnifies the sensing capabilities of aninterferometer, allowing for unprecedented sensitivities and resolutions to beachieved. Just like a caliper uses two different scales to achieve higherresolution measurements, the optical Vernier effect is based on the overlap inthe responses of two interferometers with slightly detuned interferencesignals. Here, we present a novel approach in detail, which introduces opticalharmonics to the Vernier effect through Fabry-Perot interferometers, where thetwo interferometers can have very different frequencies in the interferometricpattern. We demonstrate not only a considerable enhancement compared to currentmethods, but also better control of the sensitivity magnification factor, whichscales up with the order of the harmonics, allowing us to surpass the limits ofthe conventional Vernier effect as used today. In addition, this novel conceptopens also new ways of dimensioning the sensing structures, together withimproved fabrication tolerances.

Optical Harmonic Vernier Effect: A New Tool for High Performance Interferometric Fibre Sensors