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Emissions from strong point sources, primarily large power plants, are a major portion of\udthe total CO2 emissions. International climate agreements will increasingly require their independent\udmonitoring. A satellite-based, double-pulse, direct detection Integrated Path Differential Absorption\ud(IPDA) Lidar with the capability to actively target point sources has the potential to usefully\udcomplement the current and future GHG observing system. This initial study uses simple approaches\udto determine the required Lidar characteristics and the expected skill of spaceborne Lidar plume\uddetection and emission quantification. A Gaussian plume model simulates the CO2 or CH4\uddistribution downstream of the sources. A Lidar simulator provides the instrument characteristics\udand dimensions required to retrieve the emission rates, assuming an ideal detector configuration.\udThe Lidar sampling frequency, the footprint distance to the emitting source and the error of an\udindividual measurement are of great importance. If wind speed and direction are known and\udenvironmental conditions are ideal, an IPDA Lidar on a 500-km orbit with 2 W average power in\udthe 1.6 m CO2 absorption band, 500 Hz pulse repetition frequency, 50 m footprint at sea level and\ud0.7 m telescope diameter can be expected to measure CO2 emission rates of 20 Mt/a with an average\udaccuracy better than 3% up to a distance of 3 km away from the source. CH4 point source emission\udrates can be quantified with comparable skill if they are larger than 10 kt/a, or if the Lidar pulse\udrepetition frequency is augmented

Potential of Spaceborne Lidar Measurements of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions from Strong Point Sources