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Cropland fields are the basic spatial units for agricultural management, and information about their distribution is critical for analyzing agricultural investments and management. However, the extraction of cropland fields of smallholder farms is a challenging task because of their irregular shapes and diverse spectrum. In this paper, we proposed a new object-based Genetic Programming (GP) approach to extract cropland fields. The proposed approach used the multiresolution segmentation (MRS) method to acquire objects from a very high resolution (VHR) image, and extracted spectral, shape and texture features as inputs for GP. Then GP was used to automatically evolve the optimal classifier to extract cropland fields. The results show that the proposed approach has obtained high accuracy in two areas with different landscape complexities. Further analysis show that the GP approach significantly outperforms five commonly used classifiers, including K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). By using different numbers of training samples, GP can maintain high accuracy with any volume of samples compared to other classifiers.

An Object-Based Genetic Programming Approach for Cropland Field Extraction