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The modernization of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) including the transmission of signals on multiple frequencies has greatly promoted the development of the popular PPP (Precise Point Positioning) technique. A key issue of multi-frequency PPP is the handling of the observable-specific signal biases in order to allow for carrier-phase ambiguity resolution (AR). As a result, PPP modeling at a user side in the multi-frequency case varies depending on the definition of the applied phase bias products. In this study, we investigate the positioning performance of GPS L1/L2/L5 and Galileo E1/E5a/E5b/E6 undifferenced ionosphere-float model in the conventional PPP mode and the single-epoch mode using the uncombined code and phase bias products generated at the French CNES (Centre National D’Etudes Spatiales). A series of widelane ambiguities are configured in our multi-frequency PPP functional model instead of forming the classical Melbourne–Wübbena (MW) combination. The best integer equivariant (BIE) estimator is used for the ambiguity resolution in a conventional cascading scheme according to the wavelength of the combined ambiguities for each constellation. Real data collected at IGS stations with a 30-s sampling interval is applied to evaluate the above models. For the conventional kinematic PPP configuration, a significant accuracy improvement of 63% on the east component of the fixed solution is obtained with respect to the ambiguity-float solution. The PPP convergence is accelerated by 17% after the AR. Regarding the single-epoch positioning, an accuracy of 32 and 31 cm for north and east components can be achieved, respectively, (68th percentile) with the instantaneous widelane-ambiguity resolution, which is improved by 13% and 16% compared to multi-frequency code-based or float solution.

Performance Analysis of Zero-Difference GPS L1/L2/L5 and Galileo E1/E5a/E5b/E6 Point Positioning Using CNES Uncombined Bias Products