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Coal mine surface subsidence detection determines the damage degree of coal mining, which is of great importance for the mitigation of hazards and property loss. Therefore, it is very important to detect deformation during coal mining. Currently, there are many methods used to detect deformations in coal mining areas. However, with most of them, the accuracy is difficult to guarantee in mountainous areas, especially for shallow seam mining, which has the characteristics of active, rapid, and high-intensity surface subsidence. In response to these problems, we made a digital subsidence model (DSuM) for deformation detection in coal mining areas based on airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR). First, the entire point cloud of the study area was obtained by coarse to fine registration. Second, noise points were removed by multi-scale morphological filtering, and the progressive triangulation filtering classification (PTFC) algorithm was used to obtain the ground point cloud. Third, the DEM was generated from the clean ground point cloud, and an accurate DSuM was obtained through multiple periods of DEM difference calculations. Then, data mining was conducted based on the DSuM to obtain parameters such as the maximum surface subsidence value, a subsidence contour map, the subsidence area, and the subsidence boundary angle. Finally, the accuracy of the DSuM was analyzed through a comparison with ground checkpoints (GCPs). The results show that the proposed method can achieve centimeter-level accuracy, which makes the data a good reference for mining safety considerations and subsequent restoration of the ecological environment.

An Accurate Digital Subsidence Model for Deformation Detection of Coal Mining Areas Using a UAV-Based LiDAR