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Hyper-wavelet transforms, such as a non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST), are one of the mainstream algorithms for removing random noise from ground-penetrating radar (GPR) images. Because GPR image noise is non-uniform, the use of a single fixed threshold for noisy coefficients in each sub-band of hyper-wavelet denoising algorithms is not appropriate. To overcome this problem, a novel NSST-based GPR image denoising grey wolf optimisation (GWO) algorithm is proposed. First, a time-varying threshold function based on the trend of noise changes in GPR images is proposed. Second, an edge area recognition and protection method based on the Canny algorithm is proposed. Finally, GWO is employed to select appropriate parameters for the time-varying threshold function and edge area protection method. The Natural Image Quality Evaluator is utilised as the optimisation index. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method provides excellent noise removal performance while protecting edge signals.

GPR Image Noise Removal Using Grey Wolf Optimisation in the NSST Domain