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Land degradation and development (LDD) has become an urgent global issue. Quick and accurate monitoring of LDD dynamics is key to the sustainability of land resources. By integrating normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and net primary productivity (NPP) based on the Euclidean distance method, a LDD index (LDDI) was introduced to detect LDD processes, and to explore its quantitative relationship with climate change and human activity in China from 1985 to 2015. Overall, China has experienced significant land development, about 45% of China’s mainland, during the study period. Climate change (temperature and precipitation) played limited roles in the affected LDD, while human activity was the dominant driving force. Specifically, LDD caused by human activity accounted for about 58% of the total, while LDD caused by climate change only accounted for 0.34% of the total area. Results from the present study can provide insight into LDD processes and their driving factors and promote land sustainability in China and around the world.

Land Degradation and Development Processes and Their Response to Climate Change and Human Activity in China from 1982 to 2015