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This paper explores the capability of high frequency microwave measurements at vertical and horizontal polarizations in detecting snowfall over land. Surface in-situ meteorological data were collected over Conterminous US during two winter seasons in 2014–2015 and 2015–2016. Statistical analysis of the in-situ data, matched with Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) measurements on board NASA/JAXA Core Observatory, showed that the polarization difference at 166 GHz had the highest correlation to measured snowfall rate compared to the single channel high frequency measurements and the polarization difference at 89 GHz. A logistic regression model applied to the match-up data, using the polarization difference at 166 and 89 GHz as predictors, yielded an overall snowfall classification rate of 69.0%, with the largest contribution coming from the polarization difference at 166 GHz. Logistic regression using the four single channels as predictors (at 89 and 166 GHz, horizontal and vertical polarizations) further indicated that the horizontal polarization at 166 GHz was the most important contributor. An overall classification rate of 73% was achieved by including the 183.31 ± 3 GHz and 183.31 ± 7 GHz vertical polarization channels in the final logistic regression model. Evaluation of the final algorithm demonstrated skill in snowfall detection of two significant events.

Ground-based Assessment of Snowfall Detection over Land Using Polarimetric High Frequency Microwave Measurements