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Real-time spaceborne bistatic SAR imaging could significantly reduce the whole processing time and can enhance the spaceborne SAR mission availability. Onboard real-time SAR imaging relies on the Doppler parameters estimated from the real-time onboard orbit determination system (OODS) measurement, whose accuracy level is not comparable to the orbit ephemeris data in ground-based SAR processing. The investigation of the impact of error in real-time OODS measurements on bistatic SAR image quality is necessary, and it can help to clarify the key parameter limits of the real-time OODS. The monostatic analytical approximation model (MonoAAM) for spaceborne SAR reduces simulation complexity and processing time compared to the widely used numerical simulation method. However, due to the different configurations between spaceborne bistatic and monostatic SAR, simply applying the MonoAAM on spaceborne bistatic SAR cannot guarantee the desired result. A bistatic analytical approximation model (BiAAM) for Doppler rate estimation error from real-time OODS measurement in real-time spaceborne bistatic SAR imaging is proposed for characterizing the estimation error. Selecting quadratic phase error (QPE) as an evaluation variable, the proposed BiAAM model can provide QPE estimation results for each position of the satellite in its orbit and the maximum QPE estimation for the whole orbit, while revealing the different process of OODS measurement error transferring to QPE in spaceborne bistatic SAR. The correctness and reliability of BiAAM are evaluated by comparing the result with a Monte Carlo numerical simulation method. With the supporting result from BiAAM, the concept and early-stage development of a real-time onboard bistatic SAR imaging mission could be possibly benefited.

A Bistatic Analytical Approximation Model for Doppler Rate Estimation Error from Real-Time Spaceborne SAR Onboard Orbit Determination Data