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In order to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on people's lives, activities andthe natural environment, this paper investigates the spatial and temporalcharacteristics of Night Time Light (NTL) radiance and Air Quality Index (AQI)before and during the pandemic in mainland China. Our results show that themonthly average NTL brightness is much lower during the quarantine period thanbefore. This study categorizes NTL into three classes: residential area,transportation and public facilities and commercial centers, with NTL radianceranges of 5-20, 20-40 and greater than 40 nW/(cm*cm*sr), respectively. We foundthat the Number Of Pixels (NOP) with NTL detection increased in the residentialarea and decreased in the commercial centers for most of the provinces afterthe shutdown, while transportation and public facilities generally stayed thesame. More specifically, we examined these factors in Wuhan, where the firstconfirmed cases were reported, and where the earliest quarantine measures weretaken. Observations and analysis of pixels associated with commercial centerswere observed to have lower NTL radiance values, indicating a dimming behavior,while residential area pixels recorded increased levels of brightness, afterthe beginning of the lockdown. The study also discovered a significantdecreasing trend in the daily average AQI for the whole country, with cleanerair in most provinces during February and March, compared to January 2020. Inconclusion, the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 has had a crucial impact onpeople's daily lives and activity ranges through the increased implementationof lockdown and quarantine policies. On the other hand, the air quality ofChina has improved with the reduction of non-essential industries and motorvehicle usage.

Spatiotemporal Patterns of COVID-19 Impact on Human Activities and Environment in China Using Nighttime Light and Air Quality Data