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As a key biotic factor, phenology exerts fundamental influences on ecosystem carbon sequestration. However, whether spring phenology affects the subsequent seasonal ecosystem productivity and the underlying resource limitation mechanism remains unclear for the alpine grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, we investigated the direct and lagged seasonal responses of net primary productivity (NPP) to the beginning of growing season (BGS) along a precipitation gradient by integrating field observations, remote sensing monitoring and ecosystem model simulations. The results revealed distinct response patterns of seasonal NPP to BGS. Specifically, the BGS showed a significant and negative correlation with spring NPP (R = −0.73, p   0.05) for the entire grasslands on the TP. The findings of this study imply that the lagged effects of phenology on the ecosystem productivity during the subsequent seasons should not be neglected in the future studies.

Direct and Lagged Effects of Spring Phenology on Net Primary Productivity in the Alpine Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau