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We consider sea ice and water microwave backscatter features at the C-band with vertical transmit and receive polarization and present a method for sea ice/water discrimination using a multiple fixed fan-beam satellite scatterometer. The method is based on the criterion of the minimum statistical distance of measured backscatter values to the sea ice and water (CMOD7) geophysical model functions. Implementation of the method is considered both for a typical three fan-beam geometry as well as for a potential five fan-beam geometry of a satellite scatterometer. By using computer simulations, we show explicitly that the number of looks at the same cell from different azimuthal directions needs to be increased to provide better (unambiguous) retrieval of the wind vector and sea ice/water discrimination. The algorithms for sea ice/water discrimination are described, and the results obtained are also discussed along with recommendations for the number of different azimuthal looks (beams) at the same cell from the point of view of sea ice/water discrimination as well as unambiguous wind direction retrieval during the satellite’s single pass.

On Sea Ice Measurement by a C-Band Scatterometer at VV Polarization: Methodology Optimization Based on Computer Simulations