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Hyperspectral images (HSI) possess abundant spectral bands and rich spatial information, which can be utilized to discriminate different types of land cover. However, the high dimensional characteristics of spatial-spectral information commonly cause the Hughes phenomena. Traditional feature learning methods can reduce the dimensionality of HSI data and preserve the useful intrinsic information but they ignore the multi-manifold structure in hyperspectral image. In this paper, a novel dimensionality reduction (DR) method called spatial-spectral multiple manifold discriminant analysis (SSMMDA) was proposed for HSI classification. At first, several subsets are obtained from HSI data according to the prior label information. Then, a spectral-domain intramanifold graph is constructed for each submanifold to preserve the local neighborhood structure, a spatial-domain intramanifold scatter matrix and a spatial-domain intermanifold scatter matrix are constructed for each sub-manifold to characterize the within-manifold compactness and the between-manifold separability, respectively. Finally, a spatial-spectral combined objective function is designed for each submanifold to obtain an optimal projection and the discriminative features on different submanifolds are fused to improve the classification performance of HSI data. SSMMDA can explore spatial-spectral combined information and reveal the intrinsic multi-manifold structure in HSI. Experiments on three public HSI data sets demonstrate that the proposed SSMMDA method can achieve better classification accuracies in comparison with many state-of-the-art methods.

Spatial-Spectral Multiple Manifold Discriminant Analysis for Dimensionality Reduction of Hyperspectral Imagery