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The effect of initial salt composition on characteristics of zero-valent iron nanopowders produced via borohydride reduction was studied. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The efficiency of Pb2+ ions removal from aqueous media was evaluated. The use of ferric salts led to enhanced reduction kinetics and, consequently, to a smaller size of iron particles in comparison with ferrous salts. A decrease in the ionic strength of the synthesis solutions resulted in a decrease in iron particles. The formation of small highly-reactive iron particles during synthesis led to their oxidation during washing and drying steps with the formation of a ferrihydrite phase. The lead ions removal efficiency was improved by simultaneous action of zero-valent iron and ferrihydrite phases of the sample produced from iron sulphate.

Effect of Initial Salt Composition on Physicochemical and Structural Characteristics of Zero-Valent Iron Nanopowders Obtained by Borohydride Reduction